King Lear Context and Critics

“Lear’s words are monstrously unjust” A C Bradley
“Women are either made to submit or be destroyed” Kathleen Maurice- submit
“Cordelia’s return is the restoration of the patriarchy” Kathleen Maurice – cordelia’s return
“Lear goes mad because he is unable to accept his dependence on the feminine” Coppelia Khan- unable to accept
“Cordelia is an exalted example of pure filial devotion” Henrietta Palmer- filial devotion
“There must be consequences for this type of oppression” Cathy Cupitt
“Humanity here is shown as kin to the earth and winds and animals” Wilson Knight
“Edmund’s goddess is lion hearted” John Danby- lion
“King Lear is a play about the disintegration of the world” Jan Kott- disintergration
“King Lear can be seen as a play dramatizing the meaning of the single word nature” John Danby- nature
“A play in which the wicked prosper and the virtuous miscarry” Johnson
PowerNatures LawPatriarchyMadnessMonarchyJusticeCompassionDeceptionAppearance vs realityBlindnessPaternal relationshipAbsent mother THEME LIST
The armada and invasion of the spanish would still be relevant to the audienceThe invasion of the french is a harsh reminder of the importance of unity Spanish Armada 1588
Matriarchy of Queen Elizabeth 1 – Strong female ruler- respected- led in times of great prosperity- renaissance thinking- emancipation Female Monarchs
– men did not retire or relinquish power- being born outside of wedlock denied you your rights- heir order followed primogeniture – daughters expected to be subservient despite female monarchs- the audience were visibly shocked by Cordelia’s defiance of the patriarchy Family Patriarchy
The monarch was God’s lieutenant on earthJames 1 created this law which ensures that monarchs have a greater social influence Divine right of the monarchy
natural – mortal body of the kingpolitic – cannot be seen or managed, immortal representation of the government Body Politic and Body Natural
The play is a personal pilgrimage of suffering generalized into the suffering of man which could be redeemed through the agency of a Christlike figure (Cordelia) Quasi allegorical interpretation
Ancient Greek literature – tragic hero who was tortured by having liver plucked out by vultures Prometheus
Ancient Greek theory that madness = self awareness Mathos Pathei
man is motivated by animal instinct knowledge comes from inner contemplation wisdom acquired through sensory learning Charles de Bovelle
large amounts of people with different mental illnesses were left untreated and and nicknamed in the community as Tom o’Bedlam. They were a common figure in Britain Tom o’Bedlam
Medieval science claims that the eyes are the most important sensory organ windows to the soulWithout eyes you will inevitably stray from God’s pathBlindness was punishment for adultery Sight
strict barriers of society that we begin to see the break down of e.g. Edmund Feudal system
Times of great political and religious uncertainty due to ongoing church reformations 16th and 17th centuries
Italian diplomat whose behavior was manipulative and decptive Machiavelli
“Goneril is driven by her appetites, she is void of innocence, cruel, cunning and Machiavellian” M. D Faber- G driven by her appetites…
Praised the subdued nature of Cordelia after Act 1 women expected to be home keepers and nurturers Victorian audience