| to reduce or cut short | abridge |
| the first ten amendments to the Constitution, based strongly on the personal freedoms of the citizen | bill of rights |
| a medium of exchange for purchases | currency |
| equipped with a talent or a quality | endowed |
| harassed or annoyed | persecuted |
| request | petition |
| to set right; correct a wrong that was committed | redress |
| calmness; peacefulness (note: the early American spelling has two “l”s) | tranquility |
| cannot be lost or transferred away | unalienable |
| _____ is a political scientist and author of Two Treatises on Civil Government who believed that government could exist without the consent of the governed and that the primary purpose of the state was to protect the rights of the citizen. | Locke |
| When the nation’s leaders met in 1787, which problems needed to be addressed? | – tax collection- law enforcement- trade between states |
| _____ is the political scientist and author of Democracy in America. He believed that the delegation of government to the states was one of the strong points of the American system. | de Tocqueville |
| Which of the following are guaranteed by the First Amendment? | – freedom of the press- freedom of speech- freedom of religion- the right of the people to peaceably assemble- the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances |
| The first ten amendments to the Constitution are called the _____. | Bill of Rights |
| The U.S. Constitution addresses which of the following issues? | – presidential elections- extradition of a criminal back to a state for trial- making laws |
| At the end of the Constitutional Convention, the Constitution was signed by _____. | thirty-nine delegates |
| How many amendments have been made to the Constitution since its ratification?23 | 27 |
| to receive and make one’s own | adoption |
| earnings; wage | compensation |
| citizen of a district that elects representatives to government | constituents |
| authorized or assigned; allowed | delegated |
| list; a number of | enumeration |
| exemptions; protections | immunities |
| disobeyed or violated | infringed |
| housed; supplied with home-like arrangements | quartered |
| authorized; put into legislation | ratified |
| law that gives authority to law enforcement to seize designated items for evidence of a crime | search and seizure |
| official judicial writing that authorizes a search | warrant |
| The assembly called for a “Bill of Rights” that would list U.S. citizens’ _____. | immunities and freedoms |
| The actual number of amendments that the leaders first proposed was ______, but two were not ratified at the time. | twelve |
| _____ was a Virginia delegate and one of the most powerful influences on the writing of the Bill of Rights. | Mason |
| The Second Amendment gives the citizen the right to _____. | keep and bear arms |
| The Second Amendment states,”the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Infringed means _____. | violated |
| What applies to the fourth amendment? | – The people should not be subjected to unreasonable search and seizures.- Warrants are only issued upon probable cause. |
| Amendment Six assures the accused the _____. | right to a speedy trial |
| Amendment Nine talks about the enumeration of rights, and enumeration means a ________. | list |
| The Tenth Amendment gives the rights not expressly delegated to the federal government to the _____. | states |
| group of electors chosen to make the decision of electing the president and vice president of the U.S. | electoral college |
| the extent of authority; the range of control | jurisdiction |
| official and legal authorization for a specific ownership or practice | licensing |
| creation and maintenance of state fire and police departments, hospitals and other citizen needs | public safety |
| the creation and maintenance of state roads, dams, buildings and other similar projects | public works |
| the state testing of potential attorneys in order to see if they qualify for active legal practice | state bar exam |
| formal agreement between two or more governments | treaty |
| government financial aid to assist people in need | welfare |
| Which of the following geographic regions is the wealthiest? | Northeast |
| Which of the following geographic regions is the most politically diverse? | west |
| Which of the following compromises did the Federalists and Anti-Federalists make? | separation of powers clause |
| Which of the following amendments grants power to the states? | tenth amendment |
| According to the Constitution, which of the following powers are reserved for the states? | powers not delegated and not prohibited by the Constitution |
| Lawyers must pass a ______. | state bar exam |
| The power of making laws and enforcing them is called _____. | jurisdiction |
| Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada must honor the Native American reservation treaties drawn up by the ________ government for the Native American Nations. | federal |
| The creation and maintenance of a state reservoir falls under the jurisdiction of _______. | public works |
| State licensing is usually required for what reasons? | marriages, dental practices, auto registration, real estate brokers, lawyers. |
| Which constitutional amendment gives the states freedoms and control? . | tenth amendment |
| an economic system in which private citizens invest capital into the economy to make a profit | capitalism |
| someone who purchases goods and services for private use | consumer |
| a complete halt on trade between two nations | embargo |
| money spent on goods, services, or programs | expenditures |
| the Federal Reserve; the central bank of the U.S. responsible for regulating the financial system | the Fed |
| a financial situation that occurs when prices rise and the value of money falls | inflation |
| the amounts of money a lender charges borrowers for use of assets | interest rates |
| the practice of transferring government ownership of businesses or properties to the private corporations or individuals | privatization |
| money earned | revenue |
| specific penalties placed on a foreign nation by the U.S. government | sanctions |
| an economic theory in which the supply of and demand for a product determine the product’s price | supply and demand |
| Which of the following is the guiding economic philosophy of the free enterprise system? | capitalism |
| Which of the following roles does the government play in a free enterprise system? | – protect the consumer- encourage private investment |
| Which tool would the government most likely employ during a period of inflation to stabilize the economy? | lower cash rates |
| Which of the following are investments the government might make in the economy? | – building a highway- funding a pre-K program- creating a new technological device |
| Which of the following has the potential to cause inflation? | lowering interest rates |
| Which of the following is a source of revenue for the federal government? | income taxes |
| In which economic system does the government have complete control over manufacturing and production? | planned economy |
| Which tool might be used to limit imports from Cuba but maintain exports to Cuba? | sanctions |
| Which of the following might the government invest in to promote infrastructure growth? | physical capital |
| the development, building, and management of a business, with all of its risks in order to make a profit | entrepreneurship |
| the creation of a new idea, method, or product that the consumer will use | innnovation |
| inventions of the mind that are intangible, such as a piece of writing or architectural design | intellectual property |
| government-issued right to an invention that makes it illegal for anyone else to copy it | patent |
| a term for businesses’ and governments’ research and development divisions, which specialize in researching and developing new ideas | R&D |
| an individual or organization that supplies capital for a business endeavor | venture capitalist |
| Which of the following is a key benefit of the government’s investing in innovation? | long-term financial commitment |
| Which of the following products has the government helped to innovate? | – personal computer- internet- GPS |
| Which type of research would be used if a scientist wanted to know how sugar impacted the growth of cancer cells? | basic |
| Which of the following are the benefits of innovation in society? | – economic growth- public interest- better problem-solving |
| Which of the following policies can the government use to encourage entrepreneurship? | issuing tax credits |
| Which of the following would NOT be protected under patent laws? | a corporate logo |
| Which of the following is a primary benefit of entrepreneurial competition? | faster innovation |
| Which of the following is part of the R&D process? | developing a hypothesis |
| Which of the following is a key factor in the government’s ability to financially invest in science and technology? | taxation |
Odyssey American Government CH 3 section 1
April 21, 2020