| What was urbanization? | Mass movement to the city |
| What was socialism? | Collective or government ownership of production and distribution |
| What did laissez-faire oppose? | Government intervention in private business |
| What was free enterprise? | Freedom of private business to compete and to operate for a profit |
| What was capitalism? | Private ownership and distribution of goods competitively in a free market |
| What was collective bargaining? | Negotiations between labor and management |
| What was the communist manifesto an important work on? | Socialism |
| Do Communists agree with the free enterprise system? | No |
| Do communists or socialists believe in seizing the government through peaceful means? | Socialists |
| What gave a voice against employer abuse to factory workers? | Labor Unions |
| What law is foundational to a laissez-faire economy? | The law of supply and demand |
| What factors improved the lives of factory workers? | Labor improvement laws, labor unions, and books by Dickens and Disraeli |
| What social changes resulted from the Industrial Revolution? | Urbanization, Growing socialism, and poor living and working conditions |
| When was manual labor changed to machine? | During the Industrial Revolution |
| What was invented that allowed efficient assembling of a product piece by piece? | The assembly line |
| What were standardized parts? | Interchangeable parts |
| What is a consolidation? | The merger of several businesses into one |
| What is a monopoly? | Exclusive control of a product |
| What are stockholders? | Investors in corporations who share in the profits |
| Who controlled corporation practices? | The Federal Trade Commission |
| What did factory workers have their grievances heard through? | Collective bargaining |
| What were taxes placed on imported goods to raise their prices called? | Tariffs |
| What were factories originally powered by? | Water |
| Who endured the disadvantages of factory life the most? | Children |
| What did the system of standardized parts allow? | The replacing of broken or worn parts instead of replacing the whole product |
| Did stockholders enforce company policies? | No |
| How did Ford’s assembly-line production effect cost per unit? | It greatly reduced cost per unit |
| What were two major goals of corporations? | Eliminate competition and increase profits |
| Who invented the transatlantic cable? | Field |
| Who invented the telephone? | Bell |
| Who invented the Clermont? | Fulton |
| Who invented the sewing machine? | Howe |
| Who invented standardized parts? | Whitney |
| Who invented the Tom Thumb? | Cooper |
| Who invented assembly line production? | Ford |
| What European nation was the best in industry? | England |
| Who were the main investors in early industry in the U.S.? | New England Businessmen |
| What was the United States’ first national road called? | The Cumberland Road |
| At the time of the civil war, was the north or the south more industrial? | The north |
| What early European factors led to the birth of industry? | The Crusades, the monasteries, and early capitalism |
| What gave a boost to early American industry? | The Embargo act, new production methods, war, transportation and communication improvements, and new power sources |
| What measures controlled the practices of corporations? | The Federal Trade Commission, the antitrust laws, the Clayton antitrust act, and labor laws |
| What types of power were available to industry in the early 1900s? | Water, steam, coal, oil, and electricity |
| Who invented the steam engine? | Watt |
| Who invented the reaping machine? | McCormick |
| Who invented the airplane? | The Wright brothers |
| Who invented the oil well? | Drake |
| Who invented the light bulb? | Edison |
| Who invented the printing press? | Gutenberg |
| Who invented the flying shuttle? | Kay |
| Who invented the spinning jenny? | Hargreaves |
| What did monasteries set an example for? | Factories |
| What were two raw materials needed by early industry? | Cotton and Coal |
| Where did craftsmen usually work from before the industrial revolution? | Home |
| What provided a faster and safer means of transporting goods? | Steam locomotives |
| What were three basic requirements needed by a nation for industrial growth? | Work force, natural resources, and sufficient capital |
| What were some early factors influencing the Industrial Revolution? | Crusades, Monasteries, and capitalism of bankers |
| What were three changes brought about by the industrial revolution? | Increased production, cheaper goods, and better products |
Industrial Revolution
June 12, 2020